Stretching and Range of Motion
Flexibility is good for everyone, regardless of the disability, spinal cord injury and stroke level or functional capabilities. However, people who are confined to a wheelchair, or who are otherwise limited in their range of motion will develop tightness in the shoulder, chest, wrist and hip muscles.
When they are not moved for an extended period of time, these muscle groups quickly become shortened and weak. Circulation to the joints can be affected, and the joints may contract and weaken as a result. Clients often experience muscle spasms, as well, affecting not just one muscle, but the group of muscles in that area.
Many of these problems can be prevented or reduced by making stretching and range of motion training a regular part of the client's daily routine. Depending on the level of function, total assistance or some assistance may be required. Maintaining the flexibility of a wheelchair-bound client also helps to avoid pressure sores, pain or injury.
Range of motion is best carried out while lying on a firm surface such as a mat table. A modified stretching program can be performed while sitting in a chair. At first, the client may have very limited range of motion, but several weeks of gentle stretching techniques will greatly improve flexibility and circulation.